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Covering an area of over 130 million km2 spanning the equator and tropics, the African continent features a spectacular geographic diversity. Consequently, it is characterised by extremely variable climatic, edaphic and ecological conditions, associated with a wide range of natural vegetation and wildlife, as well as human population density, crops and livestock. In this book, Henry Le Houérou presents his bioclimatic and biogeographic classification of Africa. The extensive data provide the basis for comparisons between various African regions, and with regions on other continents such as Latin America or the Indian subcontinent. The results constitute a rational basis for national, regional and sub-regional rural development planning, and for agricultural research dealing with aspects such as plant and animal introductions, the extrapolation or interpolation of experimental or developmental findings, and ecosystems dynamics. Possible problems of applications are also examined. Henry Le Houérou (Montpellier, France) For his substantial contribution to the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), he was awarded a share of the Nobel Peace Prize bestowed on the IPCC in 2007 (equally with Al Gore and others).

dierenecologie --- General ecology and biosociology --- ecologie --- systematische plantkunde --- klimatologie --- meteorologie --- Meteorology. Climatology --- biogeografie --- landbouw --- Biogeography --- Agriculture. Animal husbandry. Hunting. Fishery --- Animal ethology and ecology. Sociobiology --- Bioclimatology --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVECOLO LIVTERRE SPRINGER-B --- Climatology --- climatic factors --- Weather --- climatic zones --- vegetation. --- vegetation --- wild animals --- domestic animals --- Soil degradation --- Desertification. --- Desertification --- resource management --- Africa --- 551.586 --- 574.9 <6> --- 551.586 Biometeorology. Bioclimatology. Agroclimatoloy --- Biometeorology. Bioclimatology. Agroclimatoloy --- Areography (Biology) --- Geographical distribution of animals and plants --- Species --- Species distribution --- Biology --- Geography --- Bioclimatics --- Biometeorology --- Ecology --- 574.9 <6> Biogeography in general. Geographical distribution of organisms--Afrika --- Biogeography in general. Geographical distribution of organisms--Afrika --- Geographical distribution

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Climate change is directly linked to the human activities, according to the Fourth Assessment Report of IPCC (2007). In last two decades of 20th Century, accelerated anthropogenic activities pushed up the atmospheric abundance of greenhouse gases, mainly CO2, CH4, and N2O, alarmingly which enhanced the radiative forcing of the Earth’s surface and thus perturbed its heat radiation balance. As a consequence, atmospheric characteristics, such as temperature, rainfall pattern, levels of CO2 and O3 have changed significantly, affecting the farm productivity. Although rising level of CO2 may have fertilizing effect on C3 crops, but concomitant rise in atmospheric temperature, O3 level and extreme weather conditions can not only nullify the fertilizing effect of CO2, but also drastically reduce the crop production, threatening food security to burgeoning world population. Agricultural crops are not only victim of climate variability and extreme whether conditions, but also serve as a potential source of CH4 and N2O. Therefore, in changed scenario, Kyoto Protocol (1997) has sought all signatory developed nations to cut down their emission levels as per their differential commitments to UNFCCC and developing nations to invest in less carbon emission projects to avert the process of global warming process. In this context, the present edition, which compiles latest findings of studies carried out by the scientists on climate change and crops around the world, serves as a ready reckoner to crop scientists, atmospheric scientists, ecologists, environmentalists, research scholars and post- graduate students to update their knowledge and understanding on this issue.

Climatic changes. --- Crop yields. --- Crops and climate. --- Food supply -- Environmental aspects. --- Food supply --- Environmental aspects. --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Food control --- Crops --- Field crops --- Yields, Crop --- Agricultural climatology --- Agriculture --- Agroclimatology --- Climate and crops --- Crop micrometeorology --- Plant biometeorology --- Environmental aspects --- Yields --- Climatic factors --- Environment. --- Climate change. --- Climate Change. --- Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts. --- Produce trade --- Food security --- Single cell proteins --- Agricultural productivity --- Soil productivity --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Agricultural ecology --- Bioclimatology --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science --- Global environmental change

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Anthropogenic influences to the earth's system, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, cryosphere and lithosphere, represent a serious challenge to our planet's ecosystems and natural environments. Bioclimatology, hydrology, bio-hydrology and eco-physiology are important scientific research areas with wide application to environmental protection, forestry, agriculture and water management, and protection against natural hazards including droughts, floods, windstorms, weather extremes, and wild fires. Bioclimatology helps to better understand the causes and impacts of natural hazards and how to prevent them. Improved knowledge of natural hazards is a vital prerequisite for the implementation of integrated resource management. It provides a useful framework for combating current climate variability and for adapting to ongoing climate change. This book presents research on the interactions between meteorological, climatological, hydrological and biological processes in the atmospheric and terrestrial environment. It highlights a spectrum of topics associated with climate change and weather extremes and their impact on different economic sectors. The contributing authors come from renowned scientific research institutions and universities and specialise in issues of climate change, soil-plant-atmosphere interactions, hydrologic cycle, ecosystems, biosphere, and natural hazards.

Climatic changes. --- Environmental management. --- Life sciences. --- Meteorology. --- Bioclimatology --- Hazard mitigation --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Ecology --- Bioclimatology. --- Hazard mitigation. --- Disaster mitigation --- Hazards mitigation --- Mitigation, Hazard --- Natural hazard mitigation --- Natural hazards mitigation --- Bioclimatics --- Biometeorology --- Earth sciences. --- Climate change. --- Geobiology. --- Earth Sciences. --- Biogeosciences. --- Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts. --- Climate Change. --- Environmental Management. --- Emergency management --- Climatology --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Environmental aspects --- Biology --- Earth sciences --- Biosphere --- Global environmental change

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The position of Egypt – at the cross-roads between the Middle East and Africa – has attracted the attention of naturalists and explorers for many centuries. Yet while there are many studies relating to the ecology and biology of Egyptian vegetation, the first issue of Zahran and Willis’ Vegetation of Egypt (1992) represented the first attempt to draw this diverse information together. In this second edition, this invaluable text is both updated and expanded to include additional topics such as the role of remote sensing in mapping Egypt’s vegetation, and the economic potential of major desert species. Covering each of the four major eco-geographical regions of Egypt – the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Sinai Peninsula, and the Nile Region – the book integrates a wealth of detail and represents an important landmark in the vegetation of arid and Mediterranean-type regions. As such, it will provide an essential reference to advanced students and researchers in plant science, ecology, biogeography, climatology, economic botany and remote sensing.

Plant ecology. --- Plants -- Egypt. --- Plants. --- Vegetation. --- Ecology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plants --- Vegetation and climate --- Plant biometeorology --- Flora --- Plant kingdom --- Plantae --- Vascular plants --- Vegetable kingdom --- Vegetation --- Wildlife --- Life sciences. --- Ecology. --- Biodiversity. --- Community ecology, Biotic. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Ecology. --- Terrestial Ecology. --- Community & Population Ecology. --- Plant bioclimatology --- Plants and climate --- Bioclimatology --- Organisms --- Botany --- Climatic factors --- Effect of climate on --- Effect of climatic changes on --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Ecology . --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Floristic ecology

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Strong atmosphere-hydrology-biosphere feedbacks including human activity affect the rate and sign of changes in the Earth’s system and have impacts on socioeconomic relationships. These processes are related to atmospheric circulation, climate and land use changes. Satellite-based and in situ monitoring systems have greatly increased our understanding of variations and changes occurring in the regional climate, atmospheric regime, land cover and water circulation. Coupled numerical models are invoked to describe features, which cannot be caught by observation systems or to predict a future state. This book summarizes the state-of-the-art researches on land cover, atmosphere and water resources of the Eastern Europe region, sets up priorities of major researches in these fields, outlines deficiencies in data and their processing, and develops recommendations for further research directions. Selected papers of the Non-Boreal Eastern Europe NEESPI meeting cover five topics: Observational issues in the non-boreal Eastern Europe Regional climate changes Air pollution aspects Land cover and land use changes Changes in the Black Sea and its coastal zone.

Bioclimatology -- Research -- Europe, Eastern -- Congresses. --- Climatic changes -- Effect of human beings on -- Research -- Europe, Eastern -- Congresses. --- Climatic changes -- Regional disparities -- Research -- Europe, Eastern -- Congresses. --- Hydrologic models -- Europe, Eastern -- Congresses. --- Microclimatology -- Research -- Europe, Eastern -- Congresses. --- Microclimatology --- Climatic changes --- Hydrologic models --- Bioclimatology --- Research --- Regional disparities --- Effect of human beings on --- Bioclimatics --- Biometeorology --- Hydrological modeling --- Hydrological models --- Hydrology --- Hydrology models --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Models --- Environmental aspects --- Earth sciences. --- Climatology. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Remote sensing. --- Regional planning. --- Urban planning. --- Agriculture. --- Forestry. --- Earth Sciences. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Cities and towns --- City planning --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Land use --- Planning --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Regional planning --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal --- Regional development --- State planning --- Human settlements --- Landscape protection --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics --- Aerophysics --- Atmospheric sciences --- Physical meteorology --- Geophysics --- Climate --- Climate science --- Science of climate --- Meteorology --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Government policy --- Management --- Climatology --- Ecology --- Models and modelmaking --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science --- Forests and forestry. --- Climate sciences --- Atmospheric science --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere --- Non-boreal Eastern Europe --- Global environmental change